A DUKW Narrative

As a point of reference for this story, the following entry from our Division Chronology, which appears in our 10th Mountain Division Association Web site, will give the reader some idea of the "lay of the land".

"30 April 45
Our troops take the town of Torbole, and head for Riva, three miles to the west at the north end of Lake Garda. The same day, an assault force consisting of 85-K and one platoon of heavy machine guns from 85-M cross the lake in amphibious vehicles called DUKWs and enters Mussolini's villa and office in Gargnano.

Another DUKW, carrying a 75mm Howitzer, 25 men from B and C Batteries of the 605th Field Artillery Battalion and the 52nd QM Bn. (Mobile) driver, PFC Nicholas Del Grosso, capsizes near the town of Riva with all hands lost but one: Cpl. Thomas E. Hough of 605-B."

From: Defense Attache Office - Rome
To: <Pete@10thmtndivassoc.org>
Subject: Information on WW 2 casualties of the 10 Mtn Div
Date: Tuesday, March 19, 2002 8:18 AM

Dear Pete,

I am the Air Force Attache at the American Embassy in Rome Italy. I got your Internet address from the 10th Mountain division website. An Italian gentleman has told me of an action that took place on the 30th of April 1945 in Northern Italy where 25 soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division, 105th Field Artillery battalion, lost their lives on Lake Garda when the DUKW amphibious vehicle they were traveling in was hit by German fire and sank.
The reason I am writing this to you is to see if you have access to any 10th Mountain Div history that might shed some light on this incident, especially if you can find any documentation if it happened and approximately where on lake Garda the DUKW sank. I am attending a conference this weekend in Strasbourg France hosted by the US Army's central identification laboratory that will be discussing the recovery and identification of remains of US servicemen found in Europe from WW 2. I would like to know if there is such a site on Lake Garda, it could be proposed as a possible site for recovery operations of the remains.
Any information you could shed on this or point me in the right direction would be most appreciated.

Kind regards from the Eternal City,

Jeff L. Patton, Colonel, USAF
Air Attache


From: Pete Clark
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Date: Tuesday, March 19, 2002 2:48 PM
Subject: Re: Information on WW2 casualties of the 10 Mtn Div

Dear Colonel Patton -

The capsizing of a DUKW on Lake Garda certainly was a tragedy. DUKWs were used extensively on the lake running patrols and ferrying men, equipment and supplies up to Torbole at the head of the lake. If you will read attachment "30 Apr 45", which consists of an entry in our Web page "Division Chronology", you will find a brief account of the incident. As of the year 2000, lone survivor of the DUKW sinking, Cpl. Thomas E. Hough, was still living.

Attachment "Garda.jpg" is a map of Lake Garda showing the "Duck" traffic leapfrogging up the eastern shore of the lake. Both the land and maritime routes were fiercely contested by enemy ground fire and artillery and casualties were severe on the 86th Regiment and 605-FA Bn.

Allow me to put you in touch with Prof. Emeritus John Imbrie, our association's V.P.-Data Acquisition and Analysis, who authored the Div. Chronology page for our Web site. He has a vast collection of literature on the history of the 10th. Dr. Imbrie's e-mail address is: John_Imbrie@brown.edu

You may also wish to contact Dennis Hagen at the Denver Public Library, Western History Division, who maintains the 10th Mountain Division Resource Center. He may be e-mailed at: dhagen@denver.lib.co.us

If you will send John Imbrie, Dennis Hagen and myself a brief summary of any findings on the DUKW incident from your forthcoming conference we will appreciate it very much.

I wish you the very best at your conference.

Sincerely,

Pete
Webmaster


From: Defense Attache Office - Rome
To: <peteclar@lightspeed.net>
Subject: Thanks
Date: Wednesday, March 20, 2002 8:24 AM

Dear Pete,

Thanks for the information on the 10th MD DUKW incident and the points of contact of Dr Imbrie and Debbie Gemar. I will keep you posted on information that I find out. I have learned that the Swiss underwater explorer, Picard, discovered a DUKW 150 meters off shore of Lake Garda in 100 meters of water in the 1970's but the exact location of the wreck is unknown. I am in contact with Dr Imbrie to see if he has any more information on the approximate location of the DUKW and I will be discussing the possibility of human remains being recovered after so long a time with the Central Identification folks this weekend.
Thanks again,

Jeff Patton



From: Defense Attache Office - Rome
To: Dr. John Imbrie
Subject: Re: Information on WW2 casualties of the 10 Mtn Div Wednesday, March 20, 2002 9:31 AM


Dear Dr. Imbrie,

I am the Air Force Attaché at the American Embassy in Rome. I got your email address from Pete Clark, the webmaster of the 10th MD site and he suggested that you may be able to help me.
I am going to attend a conference this weekend in France hosted by the US Army's Central Identification Laboratory on the subject of remains recovery in Europe. Each year, a few remains of US servicemen killed in WW2 are unearthed in Europe and the duty of the Central Identification Lab is to identify the remains so surviving relatives can have closure with the loss of their family member. An Italian friend of mine brought to my attention that the 10th MD lost a DUKW vehicle on Lake Garda in Northern Italy on 30 April 1945 with the loss of all but one of the soldiers on board. He also stated that in the 1970's, the Swiss underwater explorer, Picard, discovered a DUKW about 150 meters off shore in about 300 feet of water. The exact location of the site is unknown. My interest in this incident from the 10th MD history is that there is the possibility of recovering the remains (if any) of the soldiers that lost their lives in that action in 1945. My question for you is: do you have any further information on where this DUKW might have sunk?
Lake Garda is a large lake and the Central Identification Lab would need an approximate location of the site in order to search for remains. Any information you might be able to provide on the location of the site or the events of that day would be greatly appreciated.

Kind regards from the Eternal City,

Jeff Patton, Colonel, USAF
Air Attaché


From: John Imbrie
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Subject: DUKW SINKING IN LAKE GARDA, 30 APRIL 1945
Date: Wednesday, March 20, 2002 5:31 PM

Dear Col. Patten:

In reply to your request for information received this afternoon about the drowning of 10th Mountain Division soldiers in Lake Garda, and the possibility of finding their remains, I can give you the following:

On 30 April 45, 10th Mountain Division troops took the town of Torbole and headed for Riva, three miles away at the north end of Lake Garda. A DUKW carrying 25 soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division's 605th Field Artillery Battalion (6 from C Battery, the rest from B Battery) plus the helmsman who probably came from IV Corps and possibly also 50-caliber machine-gunner who came from some other unit in the 5th Army. They headed across the lake for Riva, close to shore. But the boat was overloaded and capsized with all hands lost but one: Cpl. Thomas E. Hough, of 605-B. Hough struggled ashore and was rescued by Pfc Maurice Dennis, who received a Soldiers Medal for his effort.

Hough is alive and well should be able to help you locate the lost DUKW. He is not on e-mail, but he can be reached as follows:

Thomas Hough
3390 Darbyshire Drive
Dayton, OH 45440-3672
937-320-1274

The names of the 10th Mountain Division men who lost their lives are:
PFC WALTER J ARMSTRONG, 39131606, 605-C
CPL WILLIAM R ARMSTRONG, 35723717, 605-B
PVT MERLE BRITTON, 35531651, 605-B
CPL MAX L CHAMPION, 39698259, 605-C
PFC WILLARD E CHAPMAN, 35625721, 605-B
PFC JERRY T DILLARD, 38345073, 605-B
CPL EMORY E HAMILTON, 35648471, 605-B
PVT HOWARD HARPER, 35084076, 605-B
CPL JAMES HARWELL, 34764206, 605-B
1ST SGT JAMES S HILLEY, 6391540, 605-C
PFC LEROY A KING, 35723215, 605-C
PFC EDWARD E KOSKELA, 37583470, 605-B
PFC STANLEY R LADE, 36739427, 605-B
CPL WILLIAM E MADARA, 33617907, 605-B
PFC FRANK J MILLER, 36295989, 605-B
PVT WILLIAM C MORRISON, JR, 35723700, 605-B
PVT ROGER L MURRAY, 37517967, 605-B
PFC ELMER C PAULSON, 36972928, 605-B
PFC XWELL Y REYNOLDS, 35600263, 605-B
CPL GAYLE W RUSSELL, JR, 37524103, 605-B
PFC NORMAN B RUSSELL, 38503363, 605-C
PVT FRANK TAME, 34726057, 605-B
PFC CHARLES E TANNEHILL, 35542661, 605-B
CPL RICHARD WRIGHT, 39913328, 605-C

This is the only 10th Mountain Division DUKW sinking in WW II, so it seems to me virtually certain that the wreck discovered by Picard, close to shore at the north end of Lake Garda, is in fact a relic of this tragedy. If the effort to find remains is successful, I can provide some information about the next of kin.

By cc of this message to Debbie Gemar, a researcher at the 10th Mountain Division Resource Center at the Denver Public Library, I am asking her to provide you with a copy of an article which describes the event (Source Document #891).

Let me know if I can be of further assistance.

And please accept my thanks, and the thanks of all my comrades in the division, for moving this extraordinary effort forward. This tragedy has haunted our memories of the last days of the war in Italy, and it would be a fine thing to bring it to closure.

Cordially,

John Imbrie,
Chairman, 10th Mtn Division Association WW II Database Committee
85-C, Pfc and BARman (ret.)


From: Defense Attache Office - Rome
To: John Imbrie
Subject: Re: DUKW SINKING IN LAKE GARDA, 30 APRIL 1945
Date: Thursday, March 21, 2002 6:31 AM

Dear John,

Thanks a lot for the quick reply. I called the cemetery in Florence to inquire about the status of the troops lost in the DUKW accident. All of them are listed on their roll of the missing. I am trying to contact Picard to find out any additional details of his photo exploration of the wreck and see if he can shed some light on the vehicle's exact location. Thank you very much for the information and I will let you know what I find out this weekend as to the feasibility of searching and recovery of the remains of our fallen brothers.

Jeff Patton
Air Attaché


From: Phil Lunday
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome; John Imbrie
Subject: Re: DUKW SINKING IN LAKE GARDA, 30 APRIL 1945
Date: Thursday, March 21, 2002 10:01 AM

DUKW SINKING IN LAKE GARDA, 30 APRIL 1945I would add only one thing to what Mr. Imbrie described about this incident. There were two men involved in the rescue of Mr. Hough. One, Pfc Dennis, is now deceased but there was a soldier named Tony Skonieczny who was with him and he may still be living. At the time his place of residence was listed as Bridgeport, CT (he also received a Soldiers Medal).

Phil Lunday


From: Phil Lunday
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome; John Imbrie
Subject: Re: DUKW SINKING IN LAKE GARDA, 30 APRIL 1945
Date: Thursday, March 21, 2002 10:22 AM

Another thought - the two men who rescued Hough were in the 86th 2nd Bn Hq and standing on the shore of the lake at the time. It is possible the battalion Hq was near and might give a clue as to the location. Also other men in the same unit may have information.

Phil


From: John Imbrie
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Subject: MORE COMMUNICATIONS ON THE DUKW SINKING
Date: Friday, March 22, 2002 7:25 AM


Dear Col Patten:

As the messages copied below indicate, your enterprise with the sunken DUKW has stirred up a hornets nest of interest among old soldiers of the 10th -- and led to a variety of questions and useful suggestions. These include:

1. Your report that all 24 men of the 10th who drowned are listed on the Memorial Wall at Tavernuzze. The list I obtained from the American Battle Monuments Commission lists all the names but one, that of PFC JERRY T. DILLARD, who is not indicated as being buried or memorialized on the Wall. Please check this out with officials at the American Cemetery. It is possible my list is in error.

2. You are correct that JAMES S. HILLEY was a PRIVATE when the DUKW sank. But he had earlier been a 1ST SERGEANT, apparently busted for some transgression. The practice of the Association's WW II Database Committee is to record for each man the highest rank he achieved while in our division. Hence I listed him as 1st Sergeant.

3. Phil Lunday points out that I overlooked a second man who won a Soldiers Medal in the rescue effort: another 86-HQ-2 man, ANTONY SKONIECZNY who, as noted by Marty Daneman, is alive and well in Bridgeport, CT.

4. Phil also points out that the location of 86th 2nd Bn HQ on that date would help fix the position of the wreck. BY this cc to DEBBIE GEMAR, of the Denver Public Library, I am asking her to identify this location by the Morning Reports in her handy archive.

5. Art Muschler's story of his voyage on another DUKW shows how close the division came to another disaster that day.

6. John Duffy asks why an artillery unit was going on the lake. The written records I have seen explain that a tunnel leading to Riva was blocked.

Cordially,

John Imbrie
-----------------------------------------------

MARTY DANEMAN WROTE:
Anthony Skonieczny is still listed in Bridgeport, CT. at 203 384-0886, 67 Success Ave.
------------------------------------------------

ART MUSCHLER WROTE:
I was fascinated by the account concerning the DUKW sinking on Lake Garda and the loss of the young artillerymen. I was, until we departed Camp Swift, assigned to 605. Several of the names do hit home. The sinking does hit home for another reason. My DUKW crossing of Lake Garda. I recall loading, in darkness, at a small inlet at Navene. We were attached to a reinforced contingent of infantry assigned to a beachhead opposite, on the west shore.....I think our DUKW ride was perhaps more risky than anything we faced on the shore.
-----------------------------------------------

JOHN DUFFY, 86-HQ-2, ASKS:
Why was an Artillery unit going out on the Lake? On the 30th of April, the Infantry was still moving through Torbole and into Riva del Garda. Tanks, located on the road before the tunnels were cleared of debris and dead Jerries, were providing the heavy weapon support to the dog faces.


From: John Imbrie
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Subject: 86-HQ-2 LOCATION ON APRIL 30, 1945
Date: Saturday, March 23, 2002 11:38 AM

Dear Col Patten:

Phil Lunday suggested that knowledge of the location of HQ 2nd Bn 86th would help locate the place where the two men from that unit put out from shore to accomplish their dramatic rescue of Tom Hough. Thanks to Debbie Gemar, who examined the relevant Morning Report, we now know that the Company HQ was in the town of Riva del Garda. Specifically, we know that the unit "set up security in Torbole at 0700" and moved to Riva, arriving there at 1500. The exact location on the 1:25000 military map of RIVA, using 1944 coordinates, is A549 042 (549 being the E-W coordinate, 042 being those for the N-S direction.)

By good fortune, Jim Barr (who in 1945 was S-2 officer in 85-HQ-3) has a copy of the 1944 edition of this map. He reports that the location A549 042 is along the shore of Lake Garda at the northernmost part of the Riva harbor (coordinates on a 1973 military map of RIVA put this at 428 831).

Unfortunately, this information does not tell us the exact place from which the swimmers left shore. This could have been any place within walking distance east of the company HQ. To get a better fix on that, and the place where the DUKW sank, I will mail Tom Hough a copy of the map and ask him to help us.

Cordially,

John Imbrie


From: Defense Attache Office - Rome
To: John Imbrie
Subject: Re: 86-HQ-2 LOCATION ON APRIL 30, 1945
Date: Monday, March 25, 2002 12:16 AM

John,

Thanks for the information, I will pass it along to the Central Identification Lab, Hawaii (CILHI) folks. I attended a conference hosted by them in Strasbourg France this past weekend and came away greatly impressed by how dedicated they are to identifying US missing from our wars and the capabilities they have at their disposal.
I spoke at length with Mr Johnnie Wood, the deputy commander of the Lab, Dr. Robert Mann, the Senior Anthropologist, and Mr Chris McDermott, the Casualty Data Historian about the DUKW sinking. The CILHI folks were most interested in the incident and I gave them all the information I had (up to that time). They evaluate requests like the one I submitted for searching for remains by asking the following questions:
Was it an American crash site, burial, battle?
Are there remains present?
How accessible is the site?
How cooperative is the host government?
Can they MEDEVAC team members if necessary?
How many remains are involved? (priority is given to locations with multiple remains)

Based on these questions, the Lake Garda site is very interesting to them. The only major drawback is they do not know exactly where the DUKW is and will have to search for it and no one has seen remains. Dr Mann has extensive experience with recovering remains from on land and water and believes there is a very good chance of having identifiable remains present. The limestone mountains surrounding the lake lower the pH of the water which would inhibit the disintegration of the bones.
The Casualty Data division has the information I forwarded and I gave them your name and email address as a point of contact for further information. While they could not promise a time when they would investigate, I came away with the impression that they would probably do so in the future. There are over 78,000 MIA from WW2, many of which are lost at sea. If they could take 24 names off that list, they said it would be a major accomplishment.
Also at the conference, I met an English underwater archeologist who has a side scan sonar that he developed that was convinced he could find the DUKW in a few days of searching the three mile stretch between Riva and Torbole. I think things are looking positive. Thanks again for your help and I will keep you posted on further developments.

Kind regards from the Eternal City,

Jeff

Jeff Patton, Colonel, USAF
Air Attache


From: John Imbrie
To: Pete Clark; Phil Lunday; Hugh Evans: Debbie Gemar, Denver Public Library; Barbara Walton, Denver Public Library
Subject: ART MUSCHLER'S FULL TEXT
Date: Monday, March 25, 2002 6:23 AM

By popular demand, I send the entire text by Art Muschler.

John
--------------------------------------

Dear John:

Fascinated by the account concerning the DUKW sinking on Lake Garda and the loss of the young artillerymen. I was, until we departed Camp Swift, assigned to FA-605. Several of the names do hit home.

The sinking does hit home for another reason. My DUKW crossing of Lake Garda. I recall loading, in darkness, at a small inlet at Navene. We were attached to a reinforced contingent of infantry assigned to a beachhead opposite, on the west shore.

Absolute darkness, as I mentioned. I had with me a full section - officer, section chief, two radio operators, and three wiremen. Such was the make up of the usual artillery forward observer section.

I recall observing the loading from a short distance. I wondered when those directing the loading would put a stop to the count.

We pushed off, immediately, I sensed the waterline was high up the side of the craft. The lake, fortunately, was only moderately rough.

We beached directly across. Other loaded DUKW's arrived out of the darkness. The contingent moved out up the west shore, tunnel after tunnel. The tunnels were filled with heavy metal-working machinery. No enemy. An Italian gentlemen in a slick business suit appeared. He described his mission as one to protect the machinery. An infantry 2nd lieutenant told him to move out and keep well ahead of us or he would be dead. A better approach would have been to quiz him and find what we might expect immediately ahead!

We entered the outskirts of Riva, without incident.

I think our DUKW ride was perhaps more risky than anything we faced on the west shore. We had no fire missions -- no targets on arrival.

Another small war, within the big one.

Art Muschler


From: John Imbrie
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Sent: Friday, March 29, 2002 12:44 AM
Subject: TOM HOUGH'S MEMORY OF THE DUKW SINKING


HERE'S A VERSION WITHOUT THE ATTACHMENT, WHICH, BEING FAIRLY LARGE, MIGHT CAUSE SOME PEOPLE PROBLEMS. IF THAT IS THE CASE, GIVE ME A FAX NUMBER

Dear Col Patten,

Tom Hough and I had a long phone conversation last night. We did our best to fit his memories of the Lake Garda tragedy with the bathymetry and topography shown on the map; with the Swiss diver's estimated position (150 m offshore at a depth of 300 m); and with other evidence. Our object was to locate the site of the sinking as accurately as possible.

Our conclusion is that the sinking occurred about 400 m offshore from that portion of the town of Riva called Porto di Riva, at a depth of about 300 m. Using the Army's standard location system (explained below), this would place the center of a 500 m circle of uncertainty at 43.6 82.0. I have marked this as "Site D" on the map.

Tom's memory fixes three important elements of the story with great certainty: (1) the ill-fated voyage embarked from the shore of the town of Torbole, where the shoreline forms a small bay; (2) the journey began at dusk on 30 April; and (3) the boat headed across the lake toward the main harbor of Riva. Very soon, darkness and the growing intensity of the storm made it impossible for Tom to see exactly where he was then, much less remember it now.

The mountains seemed to form a dark bowl surrounding the town. He remembers only that the boat was heading toward the main harbor, but not directly, owing to the set of the waves and the wind.

[I have marked the start of the journey as Site A on the map, at 45.7, 81.3. Site B is the location of 86-HQ-2's CP, at 42.8, 83.0]

When the sinking occurred, Tom quickly got rid of his equipment and much of his clothing and began swimming toward shore. Fortunately for him, he was a strong swimmer, swimming was his favorite sport, and he had trained as a lifeguard. Even so, by the time the two men arrived in a rowboat to rescue him -- alerted by the panic shouts -- Tom passed out and did not recover consciousness until he woke up at the aid station, somewhere near the shore east of Riva. He has no idea exactly how he got to the aid station, or exactly where it was located. How far was the boat from shore? All Tom can say is that the distance would be measured in hundreds of meters.

The depth of water at the place where Tom estimates the sinking occurred (Site D), is 295 m. This nicely matches the depth estimate of 300 m given by the Swiss diving team

But the distance from shore (400 m) does not match the Swiss estimate of 150 m. In fact, there are only two places at the north end of the lake where one finds 300 m of water 150 m from shore. One (Site C) is along the west side of the lake, about 1.4 km south of Riva (42.9, 81.6). The other (Site E) is about 1.5 km south of Torbole along the east shore (45.2, 80.3). Neither site fits the other facts we have to work with, including the location -- "Riva del Garda" -- given for the rescue site in the Solders Medal awards won by Maurice Dennis and Tony Skonieczny, both of 86-HQ-2. We conclude the distance-from-shore estimate is incorrect.

Boring Technical details:
(1) The bathymetric contours given for Lake Garda are in meters below sea level. Since the shore here is about +5 m, the contour marked -85 m (the third contour from shore), actually represents a water depth of 90 m = 295 ft
(2) The first map coordinate of a pair fixes the position along an east-west line; the second along a north-south line.

Good news: Tom Hough is receiving this e-mail! You may talk to him at
THough3390@aol.com

Cordially,

P.S. to Col Patten: Can you read the attached JPG file? If not, please give me a FAX number so that I can get the map to you that way.


From: Defense Attache Office - Rome
To: John Imbrie
Subject: Re: TOM HOUGH'S MEMORY OF THE DUKW SINKING
Date: Friday, March 29, 2002 12:34 AM

Many Thanks John for the information. The map is great and please pass my compliments to Tom Hough for his recollection of the disaster. I will pass it to the CILHI casualty data collection office who is building a file on the sinking. Once they determine that the site looks promising (and the folks from CILHI told me its very intriguing) they will put it on their list of priorities to investigate. In the meantime, I have a contact at 6th Fleet in Gaeta whom I have discussed this with. There is a TDY detachment of navy divers from the states attached to the 6th Fleet this summer. He says they are always looking for training opportunities and he will ask them about the feasibility of making a "training" dive in Lake Garda this summer to see if they can locate the DUKW and any remains. I think things are looking promising and we are talking to the right people to investigate the site.

Kind regards from the Eternal City and Happy Easter to all the 10th MD vets!

Jeff Patton


From: John Imbrie
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Subject: TWO DUKWS SANK
Date: Friday, March 29, 2002 4:01 PM

Dear Col Patten,

I bring dramatic news. This afternoon I interviewed my Rhode Island neighbor, William Gall, who in April 1945 was a Lt. Colonel in HQ Company of the 10th Mountain Division Artillery.

Bill confirms that not one but two DUKWs lie on the bottom of Lake Garda. The first sinking occurred late on 29 April 1945, when he and 20 men from a recon platoon drove a DUKW up the east side of the lake toward Torbole. Their mission was to assess the possibility of moving artillery there the next day by DUKW. The situation around Torbole was still fluid, with 3rd Bn 86th battling for control of the town.

As Bill Gall's DUKW came into Torbole, two German tanks on the beach opened fire and sank the boat when it was perhaps 100 or 200 m offshore. His memory of the distance is vague. All 21 men and the helmsman made it to shore, transformed themselves into infantrymen, and dug in.

The red circle marked "F" on the attached map is Col Gall's best estimate of the site. It is quite possible that this DUKW was the one seen by the Swiss diving party.

Tom Hough's estimate of the site where the sinking of a DUKW on 30 April occurred still stands.

John Imbrie


From: John Imbrie
To: Peter Austin; Pete Clark
Subject: WHAT WERE THEY CIRCUMVENTING?
Date: Saturday, March 30, 2002 9:47 AM

Dear Peter (Austin),

You express amazement at the location of the 30 April DUKW sinking. Specifically, you ask a question others have asked, "Since their route was past the tunnels, what were they circumventing?

The answer is given in Wellborn's History of the 86th and confirmed by discussion with Bill Gall. The main point is that transportation along the shore road was handicapped, not only by armed resistance at and blockage of certain tunnels, but by sections of the road that had been destroyed -- and by accurate German shelling.

When 2nd Bn 86 began the attack at 8:45 am of the 28th, the Germans blew the Tunnel #1. By 2:30 PM, tunnels 1, 2, 3, and 4 had been cleared of resistance, but Tunnel #6 had been blown, and the road between # 4 and #5 had been destroyed.

On the morning of the 29th, 3rd Bn 86 cleared Tunnel #6 and had linked up with the 2nd Bn at Tunnel #5. The Germans scored a lucky hit, with one artillery shell exploding 10 yards inside the tunnel, "wounding 50" and killing Capt Lawrence Ely, Sgt James D. Enright and Cpl Howard E. Strohm of 86-H, T/5 Charles D. Ladd (86-MED), and one other man. By afternoon, while 3rd Bn 86 was battling for control of Torbole, "supplies, ammunition, artillery, everything was being moved up by DUKW." That evening, Bill Gall's DUKW was sunk as it approached the shore at Torbole.

By 9:00 AM of the 30th, "German artillery was beginning to constitute a real menace to the troops in Torbole". But by the afternoon, 86-3 had taken the town, 86-2 had moved into Riva, and the decision was made to transport 605th artillery there by DUKW. Some of these boats made it. But by the time the Tom Hough's DUKW embarked, the storm had increase in intensity and the journey ended in tragedy.

By 5:30 PM, the situation seemed quiet in Torbole. But as Col William O. Darby and M/SGT John "Tim" Evans stood by the lake's edge, they were killed by an exploding German shell.

John


From: Defense Attache Office - Rome
To: John Imbrie
Subject: Re: TWO DUKWS SANK
Date: Tuesday, April 02, 2002 1:01 AM

John,

That certainly is interesting news on the 2nd DUKW. I wonder if there were more that were lost? Since the 10th was not normally equipped with DUKWs (seems strange for a Mountain Division to have them) I wonder how many they had and if there is anyway, after all these years, to account for them? My concern is if there is a third (or fourth) DUKW lost in the same area, it could confuse the search efforts for the primary one. Do you know if this second DUKW had a 75mm howitzer on board like the first one? I imagine the gun will be somewhere close to the wreck on the bottom and could help identify it.
Kind regards,

Jeff

ps. Even for an Air Force fighter pilot like myself, it must have been one heck of a (un)lucky shot by the panzers to hit a low riding moving target in the water.


From: John Imbrie
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Subject: MORE DUKWS ?
Date: Tuesday, April 02, 2002 12:25 PM

Dear Jeff,

More 10th Mtn DUKWs on the bottom of Lake Garda? I really think not. My reason is that, since your message to me arrived, at least a dozen knowledgeable veterans of the campaign have been discussing every aspect of the 10th's use of DUKWs in great detail -- a veritable e-mail blitz. And one of the participants, Bill Gall, when he was not himself sinking in a DUKW, was in very close touch with the commanding general (GEORGE P. HAYS) and the commander of our artillery, Brig. Gen. Ruffner. I think it pretty certain that by this time we would have flushed any other sunk DUKW out of hiding.

I don't know exactly now many DUKWs were used in our campaign. But one of the sorties across the lake involved seven boats. The total must have been At least a dozen I should guess. I'm sure our panel will express other views.

There was a 75 mm howitzer in the DUKW that sank on April 30 -- their mission was to get artillery to Riva. But I'm pretty sure there was no artillery piece in the boat that sank on the 29th with Bill Gall aboard -- their mission was reconnaissance. But I will check and make sure.

On the German artillery's feat of sinking Bill Gall: the fact that it was dark makes their skill seem more impressive. And the darkness may be the reason they did not suffer casualties. They were not far off the beach, maybe as close as 100 yrds.

The DUKWs proved an essential if surprising element in the last four or five days of 10th 's campaign (the German Army in Italy surrendered on May 2). Because the road along both sides of Lake Garda, passed through tunnels at the foot of steep hills -- a situation ready made for defense, and the Germans took full advantage of it. They blew up two tunnels on the east side, destroyed the road in many places, and used artillery to good advantage -- once by bad luck for us, and good luck for them, exploding a 88mm shell 10 feet inside the mouth of Tunnel No. 5, which caused many deaths and woundings. For several days, most of the rapid movement of men, munitions, and equipment went by DUKWs, which could bypass the tunnels.

All the best,

John


From: John Imbrie
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Subject: HOW MANY DUKWS?
Date: Tuesday, April 02, 2002 5:25 PM

Dear Jeff,

How many DUKWS were used in Lake Garda? Col. Gall is not sure, but guesses 20.

From the unpublished history of IV CORPS, I learn that on April 22 -- the day before 10th Crossed the Po River-- General Crittenberger provided 50 assault boats to our division, and had 60 DUKWs available. The DUKWS were not used for the river crossing, in part because they had been loaded with bridging parts. But they were used after the crossing to help ferry equipment across. And although no one had anticipated the need for DUKWs on Lake Garda, when the need for a way to bypass the tunnels became obvious, they were on hand.

Do more than two DUKWS lie on the bottom of Lake Garda? Col Gall says it is possible that one supply boat might have been sunk in the vicinity of the tunnels. But he has no memory of such an event. And he is sure that none but the two we know about were sunk near the north end of the lake.

Pete Austin wondered how artillery pieces heavier than 75 mm howitzers were transported around the lake. Col Gall remembers that when the Colonel of a British battalion armed with 5-inch guns faced that problem, he said he was damned if he would miss out on the action at the north end of the lake. He commandeered a bunch of fishing boats, lashed them together, and sailed his weapons up the lake.

All the best,

John


From: Pete Clark
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Sent: Thursday, May 23, 2002 11:24 PM
Subject: Lake Garda swampings

Hi Colonel Jeff -

Pete Clark here, 10th Mtn. Div. Webmaster. Just interested in a follow-up on our extensive exchanges. Did the US divers ever arrive (or will they)? Briefly, any updates will be welcomed.

Sincerely,

Pete
Webmaster, www.10thmtndivassoc.org


From: Defense Attache Office - Rome
To: Pete Clark
Subject: Re: Lake Garda swampings
Date: Friday, May 24, 2002 6:09 AM

Pete,

I've sent a letter (just today) to the Defense Headquarters of the Italian military asking permission and their cooperation in conducting a side scan sonar expedition to the northern part of Lake Garda and once the DUKW is found, assisting the US with divers to help recover the remains. Things move slowly here but I am hoping we can get folks into the water by the end of the summer.
Kind regards from the Eternal City,

Jeff

Jeff Patton, Colonel, USAF
Air Attache


From: Pete Clark
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Subject: FYI only "A DUKW Narrative"
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 21:46:15

Hi Col. Jeff -

Chief, Tim McTrusty, of the U.S. Navy Dive Team, has contacted me for location information on the sinking site. I gave him what we have.

Part of that information was a copy of my "A DUKW Narrative". The rest were the two maps, the Graphic and the Topo maps, of L. Garda.

We intend to continue cooperating with the Navy and Chief Tim on a strictly confidential basis until you and the Navy determine that the Government can release the story of the impending dives. No sense in possibly creating a PR debacle.

Sincerely,

Pete



From: "Defense Attache Office - Rome"
To: John Imbrie & Pete Clark
Subject: Lake Garda Update
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 11:39:04 +0200

Dear John and Pete,

We're still on track for our 5 September meeting with the Italian Navy and representatives of the USN divers and CILHI (Central Identification Laboratory, Hawaii). One complicating factor is the fact the DUKW may be in deeper water than first supposed. The surface of the lake is at 65 meters and according to the divers with 6th Fleet, the contours on the bottom of the lake are from sea level, not the actual surface of the lake. Which means our initial estimate of 70-100 meters of depth could be 135-165 meters (roughly 400-600 feet deep). This would put it out of the capability of either the USN or ITN (Italian Navy) divers to reach via scuba gear but perhaps not with a rigid diving suit. At any rate, we will cross that bridge when we come to it. We will attempt to use a remotely operated vehicle to get an idea of the bottom conditions at the wreck site once we locate it. Right now, it appears the bottom is mud of unknown depth overlaying a very hard clay/rock floor. According to the side scan sonar folks, this should not pose a problem with locating the wreck and possibly other equipment such as helmets.

That's all for now. Have a good summer,

Kind regards from the Eternal City,

Jeff



From: Pete Clark
To: Defense Attache Office
Sent: Thursday, August 29, 2002 10:24 PM
Subject: 10th History


Hi Col. Jeff -

I just inserted a new article in our 10th Mtn. Web site, "10th Div. History" page, titled "How it all Began" [Fascinating reading even for a fighter pilot ;-}] which recounts that you attachés in Rome were instrumental in the origination of the later-to-become the 10th Mountain Division!

For a long time we labored under the delusion that our letter had turned the trick. It perhaps helped for it arrived almost simultaneously with a report from one of our attachés in the Embassy in Rome detailing the debacle of the Italian winter campaign in Albania: "ten thousand frozen to death - 25,000 dead" - if a global war is contemplated or envisioned men must be trained in mountain and winter warfare and time is of the essence as these troops cannot be trained overnight." The activation of the 87th was a little less than one month later - 22 days before Pearl Harbor! - Minot "Minnie" Dole, 1955, quoted by Earl E. Clark (87-HQ-1)

By the way, the "A DUKW Narrative" is also now up on the site at: "From the Webmasters Monitor".

Any unclassified news from the Navy?

Looking forward to meeting you next June. I plan on taking the Viva Italia - 2003 tour.

V/R

Pete


From: Defense Attache Office - Rome
To: Pete Clark
Subject: Re: 10th History
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2002 11:35:34

Thanks Pete for the update. I think you all have a "class act" website and I enjoyed reading the articles.

We have a meeting on the 5th of September with the Italian Navy to discuss the upcoming side scan sonar search for the DUKW in Lake Garda. We had hoped to proceed from the meeting to the search in a few days but now it looks like it will be "later" (nothing happens fast in Italy!) I am still hoping to get the side scan sonar search done in September, but just when, I don't know. I will hopefully have a lot more information after the 5 Sept meeting I will share with you all.

Until the 5th of Sept, kind regards from the Eternal City,

Jeff



From: John Imbrie
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Sent: Thursday, September 05, 2002 11:50 PM
Subject: Re: Lake Garda Meeting Update


Dear Jeff,

Thanks for giving a full and clear explanation of the problems, technical and especially legal, that have raised their ugly heads.

Great Scott! The enterprise seems more daunting than many a battle in WW II. But I admire your identifying paths that might well lead to a satisfactory conclusion.

It's clear to me that without you at the diplomatic helm, we would never get within a knot of our goal (I was about to say "mile," but realized this would be mark me as a landlubber).

I have forwarded your message to President Duffy, VP for Public Relations Dick Wilson, Webmaster Pete Clark , as well as Tom Hough and others who have been following the story with great interest.

With warm regards,

John Imbrie



To: Pete Clark
From: Defense Attache's Office - Rome
Subject: DUKW Update
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2002 16:25:56 +0200

Pete,
I sent the following email to John Imbrie last week but he must be on vacation. I thought you might like to get the latest update on the search for the DUKW.

Kind regards from the Eternal City,

Jeff

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
John,

Since our last email, I have been pushing a third option to get this search started. The first option was to let the Italian Navy do the search but they have said their equipment is not suitable, the second option was to use the USN's UUV (unmanned underwater vehicle) when they come to Italy in March of 03. This second option looked like the preferred method but the Navy tells me that all their UUV's have been sequestered to support the war on terrorism which makes one's availability in March in doubt. I have turned to a British underwater expert that specializes in deep water wreck diving. We met at the WW2 Remains Recovery Conference in Strasbourg France in April. Steve Carmichael says he could do the search with his own equipment that he designed and find not only the DUKW but perhaps also the soldiers. His equipment is not a towed side scan sonar that can detect large metal objects like the DUKW but is a high intensity "dipping" sonar that he lowers over the side and it scans the bottom like a flashlight rotating. He has to move the sonar from place to place but he thinks he can search the area of the DUKW sinking in just a couple of days. An
Advantage his equipment has is that it can detect objects as small as a coin or wristwatch at depths down to 400ft. By using him, we can not only find the DUKW but also have good chance of finding the soldiers remains as he can spot, helmets, ammo, belt buckles, dog tags, etc. He also has the capability to dive to 300ft. Steve Carmichael has agreed to donate his services and asks only for expense reimbursement. CILHI has agreed to pay his expenses but need to find out exactly what they are. We are estimating the cost at around $5 grand. This is very good news. Steve is available now and wants to get started next month if we can swing it. I am on the Ambassador's schedule to brief him on the status of our search. The embassy and the Italians are very supportive and we are hoping to get the search underway next month.

I'll keep you posted on further developments,

Kind regards from the Eternal City,

Jeff



From: Pete Clark
To: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Sent: Monday, September 30, 2002 3:53 AM
Subject: Re: DUKW Update


Dear Col. Jeff -

Thank you for the progress report. I share John's angst at the tedium of getting the search underway. What was the outcome of your meeting with the Ambassador?

May I have your permission to add this exchange to the ongoing DUKW story on our Web site?

Have our Navy folks returned home for the winter?

Sincerely,

Pete


To: Pete Clark
From: Defense Attache Office - Rome
Subject: Re: DUKW Update
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2002 10:20:18

Pete,

The ambassador (Mel Sembler) was very enthusiastic about the project and promised his support. He said that if I run into any Italian legal or administrative roadblocks, to let him know and he will call the Prime Minister (Berlusconi) to sort things out. You can't get better support than that! Today is the start of the new governmental fiscal year. Since the Defense Department's budget has not been passed yet, we are operating on continuing resolutions. We hope to get the budget passed by the time Congress adjourns for recess later this month. Once we have a budget, CILHI will budget for the project using the Brit diver, Steve Carmichael, and we'll be on track to begin our search for the missing men. Lots of moving parts in this operation to keep track of but I'm confident that we will be successful.

Please feel free to share any correspondence we exchange as you see fit or to post on your web site..

With kind regards from the Eternal City,

Jeff

Jeff Patton, Colonel, USAF
Air Attache

PS. Yes, the USN salvage unit has returned to the states for the winter. Another unit should be here in March 03.

 
DUKW RECOVERY UPDATE
April 30, 1945
LAKE GARDA DUWK SINKING INCIDENT
Reports of Recovery Efforts October 2003
JOHN IMBRIE (85-C)
 

On 10/29/03, President John Duffy received the message from "Our man in Rome," Col. Jeff Patton, (the AF Attaché of the Rome American Embassy). The message described the results of an eight-day expedition mounted by Brett Phenueff of Texas A & M, with the objective of finding and recovering the DUKW that sank in Lake Garda Italy off Riva del Garda on the evening of April 30, 1945.

In a nutshell, the expedition learned many valuable things but was unsuccessful in finding the DUKW. Jeff concludes that, "We have a lot of interviews, maps of the bottom, and experience under our belt, and are confident that we will find the DUKW in March of next year."

At Jeff's request I will give a summary of the results of our own research, based primarily on eyewitness reports -- one report for each of the three DUKW-sinking that occurred at the end of April 1945.

* DUKW #1 sank during the day of April 29, 100-200 yards south of Tunnel Number 5, as its heavy cargo of 75 mm ammunition was being unloaded by Private First Class (Pfc.).Charles Guinn and his comrades in 86-M. Charles and his friends jumped ashore and watched the DUKW sink out of sight in deep water just offshore.

* DUKW #2 with Lt. Col. William O. Gall aboard, sank just off Torbole in the late evening of April 29, from shelling by German tanks. Bill and his reconnaissance party swam ashore and lived to tell the tale.

* DUKW #3 sank on the evening of April 30, on its way from Torbole to the harbor of Riva del Garda. On board were the driver from the 52nd QM Battalion (Mobile), Pfc. Nicholas Del Grosso, and 25 men from B and C Batteries of the 605th Field Artillery. Approaching the harbor of Riva del Garda, the boat took on water and the men began throwing heavy equipment overboard, but to no avail. The boat capsized and 24 men from the 605th plus the driver were drowned.

These deaths were the last to be suffered by the 10th before the war ended on May 2, 1945
.
Corporal Thomas Hough, who had trained as a lifeguard, was the only survivor. He was saved through the efforts of two men from 86-HQ-2, Pfc. Maurice P. Dennis, and Pfc. Tony Skonieczny, who received Soldier's Medals for their role in saving Thomas Hough. The citations apparently the only official report of the tragedy read:

MAURICE P DENNIS. Pfc. 86-HQ-2. Riva del Garda 4/30/45 SOLDIERS MEDAL. #GO-141. When an amphibious truck, carrying 20 men and their equipment in a night attack across Lake Garda, was swamped by high waves, the vehicle sank, and all the soldiers but one were drowned. Pfc. Dennis, who was standing on the shore near the scene of the accident, heard cries for help, and despite the rough water and the darkness of night, he and another man (Tony Skonieczny) obtained a rowboat and guided by the shouts of the drowning men rowed out onto the lake. Although in constant danger of being swamped, the two men continued across the water until they arrived at the scene of the accident. There they rescued the one man still above the water, and carried him to safety.

TONY M SKONIECZNY. Pfc. 86-HQ-2. Riva del Garda 4/30/45.SOLDIERS MEDAL. #GO-141. When an amphibious truck, carrying 20 men and their equipment in a night attack across Lake Garda, was swamped by high waves, the vehicle sank, and all the soldiers but one were drowned. Pfc. SKONIECZNY, who was standing on the shore near the scene of the accident, heard cries for help, and despite the rough water and the darkness of night, he and another man (Maurice Dennis) obtained a rowboat, and guided by the shouts of the drowning men, rowed out onto the lake. Although in constant danger of being swamped, the two men continued across the water until they arrived at the scene of the accident. There they rescued the one man still above the water, and carried him to safety.

COL. PATTON (ROME) REPORT READS:
I just got back from 8 days in Torbole looking for the DUKW. Brett Phenueff from Texas A&M was the head of the expedition along with a representative from CILHI (Central Identification Laboratory Hawaii), two U.S. Navy divers, an Italian sonar operator and a British Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) operator. We spent a week mapping the bottom of the north end of the lake with an emphasis in the Riva area. We sent the ROV down to investigate several contacts that matched the size of the DUKW. Unfortunately, we were unable to find it. Our main problem was our equipment. Although it is sophisticated, to conduct a proper sonar search, you have to have the equipment optimized for the environment you are searching in. Prior to this expedition, we did not accurately know the bottom profile the depth of the water, and the ruggedness of the bottom. As it turns out, we needed a side scan sonar, which was unavailable for this expedition. Brett Pheneuff has promised to return in March with the right equipment and is very confident we will find it. Everyone we worked with up at Torbole and Riva were very helpful and went out of their way to help us. The mayor of Riva hosted a news conference where I explained the history of the 10th's time at the north end of the lake and what we were looking for. The news conference produced great results as several people who were there the night of 30 April came forward in an effort to shed light on what they saw that night.

One person was especially helpful, Mr. Carlo Bombardelli. Mr. Bombardelli was 10 years old the night the DUKW sank and says he can still vividly remember the cries of the soldiers out on the lake. He says the yelling lasted almost 30 minutes then ceased. He thought, until the newspaper articles came out, that all the soldiers were saved. The next morning, he found 7-8 backpacks of the soldiers washed up on the beach in front of his house about 1.5 km west of Torbole. Due to the fact that the wind was from directly up the lake that night; we changed our search area to an area several hundred meters off the bay where he found the backpack. It appears that the soldiers in the DUKW yelled for help for about half an hour after their engine quit and before foundering. The site of the sinking must be within yelling distance from shore (i.e. several hundred meters max). It was there we focused our search with the ROV and its camera. Unfortunately, the area corresponds to the mouth of the Sarca River and we snagged the ROV cable on a sunken tree at 285 feet in depth. We almost lost the $75,000 vehicle but after four hours, were able to recover it. That put an end to using the ROV as a primary search vehicle.

The expedition was not totally unsuccessful. We identified but did not image a Sherman that sank when it rolled off a pontoon bridge south of Torbole that the engineers had put up to span a road cut. We also learned from locals that they believe the 10th lost two DUKWs to enemy fire south of Torbole. One on the beach and one off shore in 100 meters of water. Both the Sherman and the other DUKW are possible sites to return to.CILHI says that even if we find the DUKW quite deep, it may still be possible to recover the remains using ROVs. We'll see. Brett Pheneuff told me that the Discovery Channel may be interested in making a special about the DUKW (once we find it of course). So for now, we have a lot of interviews, maps of the bottom, and experience under our belt and are confident that we will find the DUKW in March of next year.

With kind regards,

Jeff Patton



A CHRISTMAS MESSAGE FROM ITALY
Below is a Christmas message received from the former Mayor Emanuele Vai of Lizzano in Belvedere. (His photograph appears on Page 9 of the 3rd Quarter Blizzard. The Second row on the left with OUR Blizzard Editor Sally Oesterling.)

The purpose of sharing this message with you is because his thoughts apply to you and the many others in the 10th Mountain Division at this Christmas time.

Natale 2003

"Mr President of the National Association of the 10th Mountain Division,
excuse me for my misspelling, but I feel a strong desire to express to you my sentiments.

I am Emanuele Vai. I live in Lizzano in Belvedere, where I was an elementary scool-teacher and also the mayor for almost 11 years.

I had the pleasure of knowing you and your kind wife the evening in the Hotel Piastrella, in conclusion, the present year, of your coming in the places where you fought. In that circumstance, you called me on the box, you had generous words and gave me a very beautiful present I'll keep with care. It was an honour and a great joy for me. I thank you heartily.

Mr Duffy, in the 1944 I was sixteen years old. Then nobody thought the war would stop near us. But we were wrong. The encounters between the Germans and partisans, the SS reprisal with the murders of women and children made us understand we were in the Gothic Line. How much we hope the arrival of American soldiers! At last they came, also in our houses and it was our safety. We passed together the hard months that followed, but we felt secure.

I remember when you soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division came. I remember when after fierce fights you conquered Riva Ridge, M Belvedere and other mountains that were the hinge of German defense. So the end of the war approached.
Mr Duffy you fought and many died for our liberty and the democracy. Like brother, you helped us during the period more important of our life.

Thank you dear friends, the years go by quickly but we'll always remember you.
Wishing you all the best
Emanuele Vai"

 

DUKW SEARCH & RECOVERY OPERATIONS REPORT
October 2004

By John J. Duffy (86-HQ-2)

On October 1, the Lake Garda Search and Recovery Operations team resumed their efforts to locate the remains of twenty-five (25) soldiers who drowned in the lake on April 30, 1945 when their DUKW capsized and sank. Twenty-four were troopers from B and C Batteries of our 605th Field Artillery Battalion; one soldier was Pfc. Nicholas del Grosso, the driver from the 52nd Quartermaster Battalion. Cpl. Thomas Hough (605-B) was the only survivor. Although the recovery team was unable to achieve its primary objective, the information they obtained will be valuable in mounting another attempt, now scheduled for December 2004.

There were in essence two teams in Torbole and Riva del Garda. The primary search and recovery team was led by Brett Phaneuf of Texas A&M and Jeff Patton, formerly an Air Force Colonel serving as Air Attaché in the Rome Embassy. The second team was a volunteer group of twelve 10 Mountain observers. Additionally, Giovanni Sulla of Montese, Italy assisted the search team in their efforts.

Using findings from their October 2003 search, the search team continued to make progress in identifying the area in Lake Garda where the sinking occurred. Prior information had narrowed the search to a rectangular area in the lake and established three targets. The area was determined to be close enough to the shore for observers there to hear cries for help, and for the lone survivor, Thomas Hough, to swim to a point near shore where he was rescued by two men from 2nd Battalion 86 HQ Company who rowed to the rescue. These men headed towards, the origin of the calls, and as they rowed out in the darkness they found Hough. Each man received a Soldiers Medal for his heroism.

After his rescue, Tom Hough was treated at an aid station. This prompts a question:

Where was this aid station? Tom recalls only that it was on the west side of the lake, near Riva. The crucial information needed is the exact location. If anyone can remember where the station was located that night, it would help to confirm that the three sonar targets are in the right area of the lake.

The search team encountered many obstacles- both on the surface of the lake and below. One difficulty was the prevalence of wind surfers who hindered the search as the boat attempted to maneuver. To avoid this problem, the team conducted one evening search. Another difficulty was a restriction on the size of boats permitted on the lake at this time of year. As a result, the team could not employ the heavier equipment necessary to work at these depths. On the bottom of the lake, this year's investigations identified dead trees, cars, trucks and other debris that not only tended to snare cables but that also created false sonar targets.

Contrary to our initial feelings that a winter month would not be an appropriate time for a search operation, the local government officials assured the team that the waters in winter become calmer, and that the lack of wind surfers would be an additional benefit. Brett expressed confidence that when he and his team return to the area in December with a submersible vehicle, the expedition's mission will be accomplished.

On Monday October 4, members of both the search and observer teams met with the local mayors to remind them of our concern for the lost men, and our desire to recover their remains. The mayors were pleased that this meeting provided an opportunity for press coverage and TV interviews.

On Tuesday the 10th Mountain observer team had an opportunity to ride the search boat and see where the search area lies with respect to the shore-approximately midway between the Torbole-Riva Road tunnel and the Hotel du Lac & du Park (where our Tour spent three days last June.).

On Wednesday, operations resumed with the use of a slightly larger boat carrying a Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV). The ROV provided underwater video views of the lake floor in the target area. These surveys demonstrated that the floor of the lake here is covered with a substantial blanket of silt brought in by the Arco River, a circumstance that could make discovery of remains more difficult than originally estimated. Problems with the equipment led to a decision to postpone operations until December.

On Thursday, the observer team received a full briefing by the search team leaders Brett and Jeff Patton. Present at the briefing was USN Captain Thad Moyseowicz from NATO. The Search team reconfirmed that their main objective is to locate and collect the men's remains. There are no plans to raise the DUKW-which in any case is, by maritime law, the property of the Italian government. If remains are recovered they will first be studied by the Italian Medical Examiner, who will be called on to ascertain that they are US Army soldiers and not Italian citizens. The remains will then first be flown to a U.S. mortuary in Germany, and then transported to a USN facility in Hawaii for final determinations and identifications. Once these are completed, the families will be notified and a final resting place determined.

The U.S. is the only country in the world committed to make a recovery effort for the remains of all men lost in battle.

The 10 Mountain observer team, all volunteers, consisted of myself and my wife Irene, Harry Coleman (86-B), his wife Loraine and daughter Diana Hocking, Maurice (Speed) Murphy (85-G), Harvey Wieprecht (86-F), Gerry Nash (605-A) and members of his family (son Mark, daughter Debbie and two grandsons, Benjamin Bosowski and Jeff Plegg). There are no plans have an observer team in December. However, electronic mail will be employed to maintain communication with the search team, and their progress will be reported in the Blizzard and on our web site.

 


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